Expressing Obligation, Prohibition, Lack of obligation

1. Using “Have to” for External Obligations

💡 “Have to” refers to obligations imposed by external factors such as laws, rules, or circumstances.
💡 “Have to” is commonly used in both spoken and written English.
💡 Sentence Structure:

• Present: Subject + have to + base verb
  • Example: I have to wear a uniform to work.
• Past: Subject + had to + base verb
  • Example: I had to stay late yesterday.
• Future: Subject + will have to + base verb
  • Example: I will have to leave early tomorrow.

Examples:

• Dialogue 1:
  Friend: Do you work tomorrow?
  You: Yes, I have to go in early. 📝
• Dialogue 2:
  Student: Do we need to finish this project?
  Teacher: Yes, you have to submit it by Friday. 🏫
• Dialogue 3:
  Friend: Are you driving without a seatbelt?
  You: No, I have to wear it by law. 🚗
• Dialogue 4:
  Doctor: You need to rest.
  Patient: So, I have to stay in bed? 👨‍⚕️
• Dialogue 5:
  Roommate: Is the cleaning mandatory?
  You: Yes, we have to keep the place tidy. 🧹
• Dialogue 6:
  Landlord: You need to pay rent on time.
  Tenant: I know. I have to pay by the 1st of each month. 🏠
• Dialogue 7:
  Boss: Will you be at the meeting tomorrow?
  You: Yes, I have to attend it. 📞
• Dialogue 8:
  Teacher: Do your homework.
  Student: Okay, I have to complete it tonight. 👩‍🏫
• Dialogue 9:
  Coach: Do you need to train more?
  You: Yes, I have to improve my strength. 🏋️
• Dialogue 10:
  Colleague: Is this task required?
  You: Yes, we have to finish it today. 🌐

2. Using “Must” for Strong, Personal Obligations

💡 “Must” expresses conveys a strong sense of necessity or personal commitment, often reflecting the speaker’s feelings or moral obligation.
💡 “Must” is more formal and stronger than “have to.”
💡 Sentence Structure:

• Subject + must + base verb
  • Example: I must prepare for the exam.

Examples:

• • Dialogue 1:
    Student: I want to do well on the test.
    Teacher: You must study hard. 📚
  • Dialogue 2:
    Friend: How can I get in shape?
    You: You must exercise regularly. 🚴
  • Dialogue 3:
    Parent: To stay hydrated…
    Child: I must drink more water, right? 💧
  • Dialogue 4:
    Doctor: Smoking is harmful.
    Patient: I must quit for my health. 🚭
  • Dialogue 5:
    Friend: I feel anxious.
    You: You must relax and take breaks. 🧘
  • Dialogue 6:
    Advisor: To save money…
    Client: I must budget carefully. 💵
  • Dialogue 7:
    Coach: Rest is essential.
    Athlete: I must sleep enough each night. 💤
  • Dialogue 8:
    Boss: This project is critical.
    Employee: I must finish it by the deadline. 💼
  • Dialogue 9:
    Friend: I don’t feel motivated.
    You: You must stay focused. 🚶
  • Dialogue 10:
    Activist: To protect our planet…
    You: We must take action now. 🌍

3. Using “Must Not” for Prohibition

💡 “Must not” (mustn’t): Indicates prohibition; something is not allowed.
💡 Sentence Structure:

• Subject + must not + base verb
  • • Example: You must not park here.

Examples:

• Dialogue 1:
  Parent: Don’t touch that stove!
  Child: I must not touch it because it’s hot. 🔥
• Dialogue 2:
  Teacher: Cheating is not allowed.
  Student: I must not cheat during the exam. 📝
• Dialogue 3:
  Doctor: Junk food harms your health.
  Patient: I must not eat unhealthy snacks. 🍔
• Dialogue 4:
  Friend: This is a no-smoking area.
  You: I must not smoke here. 🚭
• Dialogue 5:
  Guide: Taking pictures is prohibited in the museum.
  Tourist: I must not take any photos. 📸
• Dialogue 6:
  Boss: Sharing confidential information is forbidden.
  Employee: I must not share sensitive data. 🔒
• Dialogue 7:
  Parent: Running in the house is dangerous.
  Child: I must not run indoors. 🏃
• Dialogue 8:
  Friend: This sign says, “Don’t swim here.”
  You: I must not swim in this area. 🏊
• Dialogue 9:
  Teacher: Lying on assignments is unethical.
  Student: I must not lie about my work. 🛑
• Dialogue 10:
  Officer: Trespassing on private property is illegal.
  You: I must not enter without permission. 🚫

4. Using “Don’t Have to” for Lack of Obligation

💡 “Don’t have to” means there is no necessity or obligation to perform an action. It is optional.
💡 Sentence Structure:

• Subject + don’t/doesn’t have to + base verb
  • Example: You don’t have to attend the meeting.

Examples:

• Dialogue 1:
  Boss: You can work from home today.
  Employee: So, I don’t have to go to the office? 🏠
• Dialogue 2:
  Parent: Dinner is already prepared.
  Child: That means I don’t have to cook tonight. 🍽️
• Dialogue 3:
  Teacher: This assignment is optional.
  Student: So, we don’t have to submit it? 📝
• Dialogue 4:
  Friend: There’s no fee for entry.
  You: Oh, we don’t have to pay to get in? 🎟️
• Dialogue 5:
  Doctor: Your health report looks great.
  Patient: That means I don’t have to take any medications? 💊
• Dialogue 6:
  Instructor: You’re ahead in the course.
  You: Does that mean I don’t have to attend the next session? 📚
• Dialogue 7:
  Friend: The weather is perfect.
  You: So, I don’t have to carry an umbrella? 🌤️
• Dialogue 8:
  Coach: The team has plenty of players.
  You: I don’t have to play this match? ⚽
• Dialogue 9:
  Colleague: The deadline has been extended.
  You: That means we don’t have to finish it today? 🕒
• Dialogue 10:
  Friend: They already cleaned the room.
  You: Oh, I don’t have to clean it now? 🧹

5. Using “Had to” and “Will Have to” for Past and Future Obligations

💡 “Had to” is used for obligations in the past.
💡 “Must” does not have a past tense form; “had to” is used instead.
💡 “Will have to” is used for future obligations.
💡 Sentence Structure:

• Past: Subject + had to + base verb
  • Example: I had to attend the meeting yesterday.
• Future: Subject + will have to + base verb
  • Example: You will have to finish the task by Monday.

Examples:

• 📅 Dialogue 1:
  Friend: Did you stay late?
  You: Yes, I had to finish the project.
• 🌙 Dialogue 2:
  Friend: Why didn’t you call?
  You: I had to go to sleep early.
• 📅 Dialogue 3
  Colleague: Are you coming tomorrow?
  You: Yes, I will have to attend the meeting.
• 🏫 Dialogue 4:
  Student: Can I skip the next class?
  Teacher: No, you will have to come.
• 🏠 Dialogue 5:
  Friend: Why didn’t you relax?
  You: I had to clean the house.
• 🚗 Dialogue 6:
  Friend: Can we go to the park?
  You: I will have to check my schedule first.